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Ernest Howard Shepard OBE, MC (10 December 1879 – 24 March 1976) was an English artist and book illustrator. He was known especially for his illustrations of anthropomorphic characters in ''The Wind in the Willows'' by Kenneth Grahame and ''Winnie-the-Pooh'' by A. A. Milne. == Career == Shepard was born in St John's Wood, London. Having shown some promise in drawing at St Paul's School, Shepard enrolled in Heatherleys School of Fine Art in Chelsea. Having spent a productive year there, Shepard won a scholarship to the Royal Academy Schools 〔Chandler (2000), p. 33〕 where he would meet Florence Eleanor Chaplin who would become his first wife.〔Chandler (2000), p. 37〕 By 1906 Shepard had become a successful illustrator, having produced work for illustrated editions of Aesop's Fables, ''David Copperfield'', and ''Tom Brown's Schooldays'', as well as an illustration for ''Punch''.〔Chandler (2000), p. 51〕 Though in his mid-thirties when World War I broke out in 1914, Shepard received a commission as a second lieutenant in the Royal Garrison Artillery, an arm of the Royal Artillery.〔Chandler (2000), p. 59〕 By 1916, Shepard started working for the Intelligence Department sketching the combat area within the view of his battery position.〔Chandler (2000), p. 69〕 On 16 February 1917, he was made an acting captain whilst second-in-command of a siege battery, and briefly served as an acting major in late April and early May of that year, when he reverted to the acting rank of captain. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 July 1917. Whilst acting as Captain, he was awarded the Military Cross for his service at the Battle of Passchendaele. His citation read:
By war's end, he had achieved the rank of major.〔Bryant, Mark. ''World War I in Cartoons''. London: Grub Street Pub, 2006, page 9, ISBN 190494356X〕 Throughout the war he had been contributing to ''Punch''. He was hired as a regular staff cartoonist in 1921 and became lead cartoonist in 1945 but was removed from this post by Malcolm Muggeridge, who became editor in 1953.〔(E.H. Shepard | Winnie the Pooh ) 〕 Shepard was recommended to Milne by another ''Punch'' staffer, E. V. Lucas in 1923. Initially, Milne thought Shepard's style was not what he wanted, but used him to illustrate his book of poems ''When We Were Very Young''. Happy with the results, Milne insisted Shepard illustrate ''Winnie-the-Pooh''. Realising his illustrator's contribution to the book's success, Milne arranged for Shepard to receive a share of his royalties. Milne also inscribed a copy of ''Winnie-the-Pooh'' with the following personal verse:〔(Icons: The Man Who Drew Pooh ) 〕 When I am gone, Eventually, Shepard grew to resent "that silly old bear" and felt that these illustrations overshadowed his other work.〔(The Man Who Hated Pooh ) 〕 Shepard modelled Pooh not on the toy owned by Christopher Robin, Milne's son, but on "Growler", a stuffed bear owned by his own son (Growler no longer exists, having been given to his granddaughter Minnie Hunt and subsequently destroyed by a neighbour's dog).〔Chandler (2000), p. 92〕 His Pooh work is so famous that 300 of his preliminary sketches were exhibited at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1969, when he was 90 years old. An E.H. Shepard painting of Winnie the Pooh, believed to have been painted in the 1930s for a Bristol teashop,〔http://www.poohcorner.com〕 is the only known oil painting of the famous teddy bear. It was purchased at an auction for $243,000 in London late in 2000. The painting is displayed at the Pavilion Gallery in Assiniboine Park, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=Assiniboine Park )〕 Shepard wrote two autobiographies: ''Drawn from Memory'' (1957) and ''Drawn From Life'' (1961). In 1972, Shepard gave his personal collection of papers and illustrations to the University of Surrey. These now form the E.H. Shepard Archive.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The E.H. Shepard Archive at the University of Surrey )〕 Shepard was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1972 Queen's Birthday Honours. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「E. H. Shepard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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